Voice

From My Universe
Jump to: navigation, search

aphonic[edit | edit source]

  • no sound or a whisper
  • inability to set vocal folds into vibration, caused by lack of appropriate power (air pressure) or a muscular/tissue problem of the folds

biphonic[edit | edit source]

  • two independent pitches
  • two sources of sound (e.g., true folds and false folds, or two folds and whistle due to vortex in air)

breathy[edit | edit source]

  • sound of air is apparent
  • noise is caused by turbulence in or near glottis, caused by loose valving of laryngeal muscles (lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid).

covered[edit | edit source]

  • muffled or 'darkened' sound
  • lips are rounded and protruded or larynx is lowered to lower all formants so a stronger fundamental is obtained

creaky[edit | edit source]

  • sounds like two hard surfaces rubbing against one another
  • a complex pattern of vibrations in the vocal folds creates a intricate formation of subharmonics and modulations

diplophonic[edit | edit source]

  • pitch supplemented with another pitch one octave lower, roughness usually apparent
  • a period doubling, or Fo/2 subharmonic

flutter[edit | edit source]

  • often called bleat because it sounds like a lamb's cry
  • amplitude changes or frequency modulations in the 8-12Hz range

glottalized[edit | edit source]

  • clicking noise heard during voicing
  • forceful adduction or abduction of the vocal folds during speech

hoarse (raspy)[edit | edit source]

  • harsh, grating sound
  • combination of irregularity in vocal fold vibration and glottal noise generation

honky[edit | edit source]

  • excessive nasality
  • excessive acoustic energy couples to the nasal tract

jitter pitch sounds rough fundamental frequency varies from cycle to cycle nasal (see honky)

pressed[edit | edit source]

  • harsh, often loud (strident) quality
  • vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages are squeezed together, constricting the glottis, and causing low airflow and medial compression of the vocal folds

pulsed (fry)[edit | edit source]

  • sounds similar to food cooking in a hot frying pan
  • sound gaps caused by intermittent energy packets below 70 Hz and formant energy dies out prior to re-excitation

resonant (ringing)[edit | edit source]

  • brightened or 'ringing' sound that carries well
  • epilaryngeal resonance is enhanced, producing a strong spectral peak at 2500-3500 Hz; in effect, formants F3, F4 and F5 are clustered

rough[edit | edit source]

  • uneven, bumpy sound appearing to be unsteady short-term, but persisting over the long-term
  • modes of vibration of the vocal folds are not synchronized

shimmer[edit | edit source]

  • crackly, buzzy
  • short-term (cycle-to-cycle) variation in a signal's amplitude

strained[edit | edit source]

  • effortfulness apparent in voice, hyperfunction of neck muscles, entire larynx may compress
  • excessive energy focused in laryngeal region

strohbass[edit | edit source]

  • popping sound; vocal fry during singing
  • sound gaps caused by intermittent energy packets below 70 Hz and formant energy dies out prior to re-excitation

tremerous[edit | edit source]

  • affected by trembling or tremors
  • modulation of 1-15 Hz in either amplitude or pitch due to a neurological or biomechanical cause

twangy[edit | edit source]

  • sharp, bright sound
  • often attributed to excessive nasality, but probably also has an epilaryngeal basis

ventricular[edit | edit source]

  • very rough (Louis Armstrong-type voice)
  • phonation using the false folds anterior rather than the vocal folds; unless intentional due to damage to the true folds, considered an abnormal muscle pattern dysphonia

wobble[edit | edit source]

  • wavering or irregular variation in sound
  • amplitude and/or frequency modulations in the 1-3 Hz range

yawny[edit | edit source]

  • quality is akin to sounds made during a yawn
  • larynx is lowered and pharynx is widened, as people do when yawning - hence the name