Voice
From My Universe
aphonic[edit | edit source]
- no sound or a whisper
- inability to set vocal folds into vibration, caused by lack of appropriate power (air pressure) or a muscular/tissue problem of the folds
biphonic[edit | edit source]
- two independent pitches
- two sources of sound (e.g., true folds and false folds, or two folds and whistle due to vortex in air)
breathy[edit | edit source]
- sound of air is apparent
- noise is caused by turbulence in or near glottis, caused by loose valving of laryngeal muscles (lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid).
covered[edit | edit source]
- muffled or 'darkened' sound
- lips are rounded and protruded or larynx is lowered to lower all formants so a stronger fundamental is obtained
creaky[edit | edit source]
- sounds like two hard surfaces rubbing against one another
- a complex pattern of vibrations in the vocal folds creates a intricate formation of subharmonics and modulations
diplophonic[edit | edit source]
- pitch supplemented with another pitch one octave lower, roughness usually apparent
- a period doubling, or Fo/2 subharmonic
flutter[edit | edit source]
- often called bleat because it sounds like a lamb's cry
- amplitude changes or frequency modulations in the 8-12Hz range
glottalized[edit | edit source]
- clicking noise heard during voicing
- forceful adduction or abduction of the vocal folds during speech
hoarse (raspy)[edit | edit source]
- harsh, grating sound
- combination of irregularity in vocal fold vibration and glottal noise generation
honky[edit | edit source]
- excessive nasality
- excessive acoustic energy couples to the nasal tract
jitter pitch sounds rough fundamental frequency varies from cycle to cycle nasal (see honky)
pressed[edit | edit source]
- harsh, often loud (strident) quality
- vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages are squeezed together, constricting the glottis, and causing low airflow and medial compression of the vocal folds
pulsed (fry)[edit | edit source]
- sounds similar to food cooking in a hot frying pan
- sound gaps caused by intermittent energy packets below 70 Hz and formant energy dies out prior to re-excitation
resonant (ringing)[edit | edit source]
- brightened or 'ringing' sound that carries well
- epilaryngeal resonance is enhanced, producing a strong spectral peak at 2500-3500 Hz; in effect, formants F3, F4 and F5 are clustered
rough[edit | edit source]
- uneven, bumpy sound appearing to be unsteady short-term, but persisting over the long-term
- modes of vibration of the vocal folds are not synchronized
shimmer[edit | edit source]
- crackly, buzzy
- short-term (cycle-to-cycle) variation in a signal's amplitude
strained[edit | edit source]
- effortfulness apparent in voice, hyperfunction of neck muscles, entire larynx may compress
- excessive energy focused in laryngeal region
strohbass[edit | edit source]
- popping sound; vocal fry during singing
- sound gaps caused by intermittent energy packets below 70 Hz and formant energy dies out prior to re-excitation
tremerous[edit | edit source]
- affected by trembling or tremors
- modulation of 1-15 Hz in either amplitude or pitch due to a neurological or biomechanical cause
twangy[edit | edit source]
- sharp, bright sound
- often attributed to excessive nasality, but probably also has an epilaryngeal basis
ventricular[edit | edit source]
- very rough (Louis Armstrong-type voice)
- phonation using the false folds anterior rather than the vocal folds; unless intentional due to damage to the true folds, considered an abnormal muscle pattern dysphonia
wobble[edit | edit source]
- wavering or irregular variation in sound
- amplitude and/or frequency modulations in the 1-3 Hz range
yawny[edit | edit source]
- quality is akin to sounds made during a yawn
- larynx is lowered and pharynx is widened, as people do when yawning - hence the name